Static websites have gained popularity due to their speed, security, and simplicity. However, even without a dynamic backend, it is essential to adopt best security practices to protect data and users. In this article, we explore the best strategies to ensure security in static websites, especially for hand-coded projects like those developed by Cloveloop.

Why Are Static Websites More Secure?

Static websites are naturally more secure than dynamic ones because:

  • They do not have a database – Eliminates common vulnerabilities such as SQL injection.
  • They do not process server-side requests – Reduces the attack surface by avoiding dynamic code execution.
  • They can be hosted on CDNs – This protects against DDoS attacks and improves global site distribution.

Despite these advantages, there are still risks that must be mitigated.

Best Security Practices for Static Websites

1. Always Use HTTPS

The HTTPS protocol ensures that communication between the user and the website is encrypted. To implement it:

  • Configure a free SSL certificate with Let's Encrypt.
  • Enable HTTPS and enforce its use via .htaccess or server settings.

2. Secure HTTP Headers Configuration

HTTP headers help protect the site against attacks such as XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) and Clickjacking. Use the following headers on your server:

Content-Security-Policy: default-src 'self';
X-Frame-Options: DENY
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
Referrer-Policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin

Tools like Security Headers can help validate the implementation.

3. Protection Against XSS and Injection Attacks

Even without a dynamic backend, it is important to:

  • Avoid including untrusted external scripts.
  • Escape and validate user inputs in forms.
  • Implement a restrictive Content Security Policy (CSP).

4. Minimize External Dependencies

If a site uses external libraries, each one can introduce vulnerabilities. To minimize risks:

  • Use only trusted and well-maintained libraries.
  • Prefer self-hosted versions over external CDNs.
  • Monitor vulnerabilities with tools like Dependabot.

5. Secure API Management

If the static site communicates with external APIs:

  • Never expose API keys in public source code.
  • Use secure proxies for sensitive requests.
  • Restrict CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) to prevent unauthorized requests.

6. Control Access to Sensitive Files

Avoid accidentally exposing files such as .env, config.json, or backups.

  • Use .gitignore to prevent sensitive files from being versioned.
  • Configure server rules to block direct access to critical directories.

7. Use a Web Application Firewall (WAF)

Even without a dynamic backend, a WAF can protect against:

  • DDoS attacks.
  • Malicious requests.
  • Exploitation of vulnerabilities in JavaScript libraries.

Cloudflare and AWS WAF are good options for this protection.

8. Continuous Monitoring and Backup

  • Use tools like Google Safe Browsing to check the site’s reputation.
  • Implement automated backups to revert unwanted changes.
  • Use services like UptimeRobot to monitor uptime.

Conclusion

Static websites offer a naturally secure environment but still require measures to prevent attacks and data leaks. Implementing HTTPS, properly configuring HTTP headers, and limiting external dependencies are essential steps for a secure and reliable site.

At Cloveloop, all websites are hand-coded and developed with a focus on security, performance, and optimized design. Want to create a fast and secure website for your business? Contact us!